Does Walmart Auto Center Change Transmission Fluid

Automated transmission fluid

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is a kind of transmission fluid used in vehicles with self-shifting or automatic transmissions. It is typically coloured red or green to distinguish it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle.

The fluid is optimized^[1] for the special requirements of a transmission, such as valve operation, restriction band friction, and the torque converter, as well as gear lubrication.

ATF is also used every bit a hydraulic fluid in some power-assisted steering systems, every bit a lubricant in some 4WD transfer cases, and in some modern transmission transmissions.

Modern use [edit]

Modern ATF consists of a base oil plus an additive package containing a broad multifariousness of chemical compounds intended to provide the required properties of a particular ATF specification. Most ATFs contain some combination of additives that improve lubricating qualities,^{[2] [3] [four]} such equally anti-wear additives, rust and corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants and surfactants (which protect and clean metal surfaces); kinematic viscosity and viscosity index improvers and modifiers, seal swell additives and agents (which extend the rotational speed range and temperature range of the additives' application); anti-foam additives and anti-oxidation compounds to inhibit oxidation and "boil-off"^[v] (which extends the life of the additives' awarding); cold-flow improvers, loftier-temperature thickeners, gasket conditioners, cascade point depressant and petroleum dye. All ATFs contain friction modifiers, except for those ATFs specified for some Ford transmissions and the John Deere J-21A specification;^[6] the Ford ESP (or ESW) - M2C-33 F specification Blazon F ATF (Ford-O-Matic) and Ford ESP (or ESW) - M2C-33 G specification Type G ATF (1980s Ford Europe and Japan)^[3] specifically excludes the improver of friction modifiers.^[3] According to the same oil distributor, the M2C-33 Thou specification requires fluids which provide improved shear resistance and oxidation protection, ameliorate low-temperature fluidity, better EP (farthermost pressure level) properties and additional seal tests over and above M2C-33 F quality fluids.

Note that the friction modifier only means that the fluid sticks to the surface of the metal a little more strongly, and therefore only helps to prevent early on wear. It would exist required for Ford, BorgWarner to prove that their transmissions are somehow harmed by friction modifiers. In many countries, Ford accept said that the modernistic Dex3 fluid is fine for the same transmissions that they say require the older standard.^{[ commendation needed ]}

There are many specifications for ATF, such as the General Motors (GM) DEXRON and the Ford MERCON series, and the vehicle manufacturer will identify the ATF specification appropriate for each vehicle. The vehicle'southward owner's manual volition typically list the ATF specification(southward) that are recommended past the manufacturer.

Automatic manual fluids have many performance-enhancing chemicals added to the fluid to meet the demands of each transmission. Some ATF specifications are open up to competing brands, such equally the common DEXRON specification, where different manufacturers utilize different chemicals to encounter the aforementioned performance specification. These products are sold under license from the OEM responsible for establishing the specification. Some vehicle manufacturers will require "genuine" or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) ATF. Most ATF formulations are open third political party licensing, and certification by the car manufacturer.

Each manufacturer has specific ATF requirements. Wrong manual fluid may event in transmission malfunction or severe impairment, still this occurs where the viscosity is extremely different.^{[ citation needed ]}

Current fluids [edit]

2014 Ford Mercon ULV and ACDelco Dexron-ULV ATF

• DEXRON ULV - 2017 and above GM 10L90 10-speed automatic transmissions
• MERCON ULV - 2017 and above Ford 10R80 ten-speed automatic transmissions
• DEXRON HP - 2013 and higher up GM 8L90 8-speed RWD automatic transmissions
• Mopar ATF+four - Most Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, and Plymouth replaces ATF+3, ATF+2, ATF+^[vii]
• DEXRON Three/MERCON - Most pre-2006 GM and Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, pre-2004 Toyota products, many Asian vehicles, some Asian ability steering fluid applications, some Ford/Mazda manual transmissions. Information technology is generally less expensive than DEXRON 6/MERCON V .
• DEXRON VI - Most after 2006 GM, some Ford applications, replaces DEXRON III in GM automated transmissions.
• MERCON V - Most Ford, Mercury, Lincoln, Mazda B-Serial, 2001-08 Mazda Tribute, Tribute Hybrid.
• MERCON LV - Some Ford(DuratecHE), 2009-11 Mazda Tribute, Mazda in Europe or Asia.^[8]
• Mercon SP - For the Ford 6R manual
• Toyota ATF Type T-IV (T4) - Some older Toyota, Lexus including "Gen 1" hybrid CVT), some Mazda. Replaces Type T, and Type T-II (At that place was no Type T-3).
• Toyota ATF WS - Nearly new models introduced with model year 2004 Toyota and Lexus including "Gen 2" and later hybrid CVT (except non-hybrid CVT); Volvo. Information technology is not applicative in applications requiring ATF Blazon T-Iv.
• DW-1 - All Honda and Acura (except continuously variable manual (CVT), replaces Z1 specification fluid
• Diamond SP-III (or SP3) - Older Mitsubishi Motors (including older CVTs; Hyundai and Kia 4-speed automatic manual.
• Diamond SP-IV (or SP4) - All Hyundai and Kia 6-speed automatic transmission.
• DiaQueen ATF-J3 - Well-nigh Mitsubishi Motors half dozen-speed automatic transmissions.
• Nissan Matic fluids - For Nissan and Infiniti vehicles:
  • Matic D is for 3- and 4-speed transmissions,
  • Matic K is for vi-speed front end-wheel-drive transmissions,
  • Matic J is for 5-speed rear-wheel-bulldoze transmissions,
  • Matic-Southward fluid supersedes Matic-J fluid.
• ATF-HP - For 2005 and after Subaru vehicles, except CVTs. 2004 and earlier Subaru vehicles utilize DEXRON 3.
• Mazda M5 (MV) fluid - For the Mazda FN4A-EL/Ford 4F27E and Mazda FS5A-EL/Ford FNR5. Also sold as Ford FNR5 fluid. Genuine Mazda M5 is fabricated by Idemitsu Kosan, available as Idemitsu Type-1000. This fluid is NOT MERCON 5.
• Mazda FZ fluid - For the SKYACTIV-Bulldoze. Colour of this fluid is blueish.

Synthetic ATF is available in modern OEM and aftermarket brands, offering better functioning and service life for certain applications (such as frequent trailer towing).

Oil pan of an automatic transmission with sedimented wear

The utilise of a lint-complimentary white rag to wipe the dipstick on automatic transmissions is advised so that the color of the fluid can be checked. Night chocolate-brown or blackness ATF tin be an indicator of a transmission problem, vehicle corruption, or fluid that has far exceeded its useful life. Over-used ATF often has reduced lubrication properties and abrasive friction materials (from clutches and restriction bands) suspended in it; failure to replace such fluid volition accelerate transmission clothing and could eventually ruin an otherwise healthy manual. Still, color alone is not a completely reliable indication of the service life of ATF as most ATF products will darken with apply. The manufacturer'southward recommended service interval is a more than reliable measure of ATF life. In the absence of service or repair records, fluid color is a common means of gauging ATF service life.

CVTs and dual-clutch transmissions often use specialized fluids. Transfer cases and differentials in four-wheel-bulldoze/all-wheel-drive vehicles sometimes require specialized fluids, such as Honda Dual Pump-Two, Honda VTM-4, Jeep Quadra-Trac, etc.

History [edit]

The history of automated transmission fluids parallels the history of automatic transmission technology. The world's first mass-produced automatic manual, the Hydra-Matic 4-speed, was developed by General Motors (GM) for the 1940 model year. The Hydra-Matic transmission required a special lubricant GM called Manual Fluid No. 1. for the Hydra-Matic Drive. This transmission fluid was only available at Oldsmobile, Pontiac, and Cadillac dealerships. Subsequent automatic transmission and fluid coupling technologies, and difficulties with fluids in cold and hot temperature extremes led to a need for longer lasting, higher quality transmission fluids. Additionally, a better arrangement of automatic manual fluid distribution and marketing was necessary for the long term success of the automatic transmission.

In 1949, GM released a new Type "A" fluid specification.^{[9] [10]} In an endeavor to make GM automated manual fluid available at retailers and service garages everywhere. Every automated transmission produced by any vehicle manufacturer used GM Type "A" manual fluids in their transmissions from 1949-1958.

In 1959, Ford began releasing their own automated transmission fluid specifications, run into MERCON for more than information. From 1958-1968 many vehicle manufacturers continued to use the next GM automatic transmission fluid specification, the Type "A" Suffix "A" fluid in their transmissions. In 1966, Chrysler began releasing their ain automatic transmission fluid specifications, see Mopar ATF for more data. GM ATF was the aforementioned color every bit engine oil through 1967. Aftermarket ATF was available with cherry-red dye equally an aid in fluid leak detection. Dexron (B) was the first GM ATF to require red dye.

In the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s, ATF independent whale oil as a rust and corrosion inhibitor.^[xi] A moratorium on whale oil at that time prevented the continued production of older ATF such as the original 1967 DEXRON formulation (Type B), and the fluids which preceded it. Vintage GM (1940-1967), Ford (1951-1967, and Chrysler products (1953-1966) used GM Type A fluid or GM Blazon A Suffix A fluids; these fluids are no longer produced. GM recommends Dexron-VI fluid, Ford recommends Mercon V fluid, and Chrysler recommends ATF+4 fluids for vintage transmission use.

Through the late 1970s, Ford transmissions were factory filled with a fluid identified as ESW M2C33-F. To provide a fluid that would be bachelor to the general public for service fill, oil companies and other than manufactory fill up suppliers were allowed to develop fluids meeting the ESW M2C33-F specification and market these fluids under their ain brand names but identified as Type F.

The second generation of transmission fluid was released in 1974 as the factory fill up specification, ESW M2C138-CJ. This fluid was developed to modify the vehicle shifting characteristics and to provide considerable improvement in the oxidation resistance and anti-article of clothing performance.

No service fluids were developed and for a brusk time, DEXRON fluids approved by General Motors were considered acceptable. With continuing changes and improvements in transmission design, a centrifugal lock-up torque converter clutch was introduced into the C5 transmission to smooth engine vibrations sensed by the occupant of the vehicle. An associated shudder problem forced the introduction of the factory make full specification ESP M2C166-H. Servicing transmissions with DEXRON fluids was unacceptable since not all DEXRON fluids were capable of eliminating the shudder phenomenon. The fluids that could be used were a subset of the DEXRON fluids. The advent of Type H as mill fill necessitated the evolution of a service fluid specification to friction match the performance expected from Blazon H. This resulted in the release of the MERCON specification in 1987.^[12]

One major revision occurred in September 1992, when depression-temperature viscosity requirements, volatility requirements, viscosity change limits after high-temperature exposure and improved oxidation limits were introduced. These changes raised the performance of MERCON fluids above ESP M2C166-H levels.

The development of modulating and continuous slipping clutch converters has prompted the need to develop the MERCON 5 specification. Included are requirements to verify the anti-wear capabilities and anti-shudder characteristics of the fluid.

The MERCON V specification was further modified some time prior to 2007 to make it backward-compatible with MERCON. Ford has / is terminating all license agreements for the manufacture and sale of MERCON in favor of MERCON V.^[13]

Toyota continued using GM ATF, including Dexron (B) and Dexron-II(D) in most of their automatic transmissions until 2003. In 1988, Toyota began releasing their ain automatic manual fluid specifications, see Toyota ATF for more information.

"Lifetime" Fluids [edit]

In 1967, Ford produced the Type-F fluid specification. The Type-F specification was intended to produce a "lifetime" fluid which would never need to be changed. This was the offset of many Ford "lifetime" fluids. The 1974 Ford Auto Shop Manual reads "The automatic transmission is filled at the manufactory with "lifetime" fluid. If it is necessary to add or supercede fluid, use just fluids which meet Ford Specification M2C33F. Many other transmission manufacturers have followed with their ain "Lifetime" automated manual fluids".

How ATF Can Terminal a "Lifetime" [edit]

To empathise how a fluid can terminal a "lifetime", a study of the 1939 Chrysler Fluid Bulldoze Fluid is helpful. The lesson learned by Chrysler with its fluid drives is applicable to modern automated transmissions as well.^[14] The Nov 1954 edition of Lubrication Magazine (Published by The Texas Company, later known as Texaco) featured a story called "Development of the Chrysler PowerFlite Automatic Transmission". This article described the fluid used in the 1939 Chrysler Fluid Drive and its subsequent revisions and enhancements through 1954.

The fluid drive fluid coupling is partially filled with Mopar Fluid Drive Fluid, a special highly refined straight mineral oil with a viscosity of most 185 SUS at 100° F., excellent inherent oxidation stability, high viscosity index (100), fantabulous ability to speedily reject air, very low natural pour point (-25° F.) , ability to adequately lubricate the pilot ball bearing and seal surface, and neutrality towards the seal bellows.

The fluid operates under almost ideal conditions in what is essentially a hermetically sealed case, the small corporeality of atmospheric oxygen initially nowadays is removed by a harmless reaction with the fluid and so as to leave a residual inert (nitrogen) atmosphere. As a consequence, it has not been necessary to drain and supersede the fluid, and the level-check recommendation has been successively extended from the original 2,500 miles to xv,500 miles and finally to "never" - or the life of the car.

Since drains and level checks were non only unnecessary only frequently harmful ( through the introduction of more air, and seal-destroying dirt) Chrysler eventually left off the tempting level inspection plugs. This machinery is, therefore, one of the very few that are really lubricated for the life of the car. There are now myriad examples of couplings that have operated well over 100,000 miles without whatsoever attending any and were still in perfect condition when the machine was retired.

On European type cars, a „Lifetime" ways 180,000 km or 112,000 miles as a lifetime of a vehicle or transmission. Service intervals of newer blazon cars are from 80,000 to 120,000 km which equals fifty,000 to 75,000 miles. Flushing or refilling the fluid on lifetime filled transmissions require to use equipment to fill from below, engaging the transmissions torque converter or using an external pump.^{[15] [16] [17] [xviii]}

Sealed Transmissions [edit]

Umbrella style manual breather to prevent h2o ingestion

Any automatic manual fluid will final longer if the transmission example could exist hermetically sealed, just transmissions typically have 2 potential entry points for air:

1. The Dipstick Tube. Any manual with a dipstick tube has the potential to let boosted oxygen into the transmission through a dipstick that is not fully seated in the tube, or dipstick tube plug that is not fully seated. Even the procedure of checking the fluid level with a dipstick can allow boosted oxygen and dirt into the manual. Many mod transmissions do non take a dipstick, they have sealed transmission fluid level check plugs instead. By removing the traditional dipstick, the transmission manufacturer has likewise removed a potential entry point for oxygen; this reduces the potential for fluid oxidation. A sealed transmission will typically take longer transmission fluid life than a not-sealed transmission.
2. The Transmission Vent. Transmissions need vents to recoup for internal air force per unit area changes that occur with fluctuating fluid temperatures and fluctuating fluid levels during transmission operation. Without those vents, pressure could build resulting in seal and gasket leaks. Before the utilize of better quality base oil in ATF in the late 1990s, some older transmission breather vents independent a Transmission Air Animate Suppressor (TABS) valve to preclude oxygen and water ingestion into their transmissions.^[19] Oxygen reacts with high-temperature manual fluid and can cause oxidation, rust, and corrosion. Automatic transmission fluids using lower quality base oil oxidized more than easily than fluids using higher quality base oils.^[20] Transmission manufacturers now use smaller, remote mounted, sabbatical vents specially designed to keep out water, but let a minor amount of air motion through the sabbatical as necessary.^[21]

Sealed ATF Containers [edit]

Any automated transmission fluid will last longer if information technology comes from an unopened container

1. Use Sealed Containers. Containers storing automatic manual fluid (ATF) should always be sealed; if exposed to the atmosphere, ATF may absorb moisture and potentially cause shift concerns.
2. Apply New Fluid Simply. When performing repairs on ATF equipped transmissions, information technology is important to utilise but new, clean ATF when refilling the transmission. Never reuse ATF.

Example Maintenance Schedule [edit]

Base Stock Oil Categories for Ford ATF based upon timeline of availability vs. fluid life nether "Normal" driving
API BaseStock Oil				Miles
1949 Group 1			5,000
1950 Group 1			ten,000
1959 Group 1			15,000
1959 Group ane			15,000
1960 Group 1			15,000
1967 Grouping 1*			thirty,000
1972 Group 1*			xxx,000
1974 Group ane*			30,000
1981 Group 1*			xxx,000
1987 Group 1*			30,000
1996 Group 2+			100,000
2001 Grouping 3			150,000
2014 Group iii+			150,000
*Hydrotreated Group 1

Lifetime automatic transmission fluids made from college quality base oil and an condiment packet are more chemically stable, less reactive, and exercise not experience oxidation as hands equally lower quality fluids made from lower quality base of operations oil and an additive package. Therefore, college quality transmission fluids can last a long time in normal driving conditions (Typically 100,000 miles (160,000 km) or more).

The definition of 'Lifetime Fluid" differs from transmission manufacturer to manual manufacturer. Always consult the vehicle maintenance guide for the proper service interval for the fluid in your transmission and your driving conditions.

Chevrolet Colorado Example: According to the Scheduled Maintenance Guide of a 2018 Chevrolet Colorado with "Lifetime Fluid" could accept two different fluid service intervals depending upon how the vehicle is driven:^[22]

1. Normal Driving [edit]

• Carry passengers and cargo within recommended limits on the Tire and Loading Data label
• Driven on reasonable road surfaces within legal driving limits.

Under "Normal" driving weather condition, the automated transmission fluid and filter never need to exist inverse.

2. Astringent Driving [edit]

• Mainly driven in heavy city traffic in hot weather condition
• Mainly driven in hilly or mountainous terrain
• Frequently towing a trailer
• Used for high speed or competitive driving
• Used for taxi, police, or delivery service.

Under "Astringent" driving conditions, replace automated transmission fluid and filter every 45,000 mi (72,420 km)

Aftermarket Automated Transmission Fluids [edit]

1976 Licensed Mobil Dexron II(D) for GM, Chrysler, and AMC Vehicles

For over 70 years, the oil aftermarket has produced both licensed, and non-licensed, formulations of automatic manual fluids (ATF).^{[23] [24]} Today, aftermarket fluids asserted by their manufacturers to be uniform for apply in various brands of automatic transmissions keep to be sold under names such as Multi-Purpose and Multi-Vehicle fluids. Non-licensed fluid is typically less expensive; these fluids are non regulated or endorsed by the vehicle manufacturer for employ in their transmissions. Vehicle manufacturer canonical and licensed fluids must have the license number printed on the production data label of the container or on the container housing. Non-Licensed fluids practice not show a license number. Make sure the fluid to be installed into a manual matches the recommended fluid in the specifications section of the vehicle's owner's manual.

Mislabeled or Misleading Labeling on ATF Containers [edit]

ATF which has been mislabeled, has misleading labeling, or is fraudulently bottled as another product is an ongoing problem. Some of these fluids have led to multiple manual failures.^[25] The three organizations shown below are trying to finish this trouble in the United States.

1. United States Laws: The U.South. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Engineering science (NIST), Handbook 130 2019 Edition, contains Uniform Laws and Regulations in the Areas of Legal Metrology and Fuel Quality. Section IV.K.3.14 defines laws regulating the Labeling and Identification of Transmission Fluid.^[26] Paragraph Iv.K.3.14.1.1. Container Labeling. reads The label on a container of transmission fluid shall not contain whatsoever information that is false or misleading.
2. California Laws: The Land of California has adult additional Laws in an attempt to prevent mislabeled and misleading labeling. Statutes: California Business and Professions Code, Division v, Chapters 6, fourteen, 14.5, and xv.^[27] Regulations: California Code of Regulation, Title 4, Sectionalization 9, Chapters 6 and vii.^[28]
3. American Petroleum Constitute (API) Monitoring: The American Petroleum Institute (API) maintains a list of invalid labeling of petroleum products. This real-time list includes motor oils and ATF.^[29]

See also [edit]

• GM DEXRON automatic transmission fluids
• Ford MERCON automatic transmission fluids
• Chrysler'due south Mopar automatic manual fluids
• Toyota automated manual fluids

References [edit]

1. ^ https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j311_200002/ J311 Fluid for Rider Car Type Automatic Transmissions
2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on nineteen April 2012. Retrieved xviii April 2012. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
3. ^ ^{a b c} "BP" (PDF). bp.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
4. ^ What is Synthetic Oil Made Of?. gjjhawk. 11 June 2009. Archived from the original on nine December 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2021 – via YouTube.
5. ^ "Answers - The Well-nigh Trusted Identify for Answering Life'due south Questions". Answers.com.
6. ^ "BP" (PDF). bp.com.
7. ^ "Chrysler LLC ATF+4Ž Info Center". Centerforqa.com. Archived from the original on one March 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
8. ^ "Ford Motorcraft Automatic Manual Fluid Chart" (PDF). Ford Motor Company. Retrieved fourteen Oct 2016.
9. ^ sae.org; The Present Condition of Automatic Transmission Fluid, Type A
10. ^ dae.org; Is The Torque Converter Going To Be "It"?
11. ^ nyti.ms; The New York Times Apr 17, 1975: Transmission Problems in Cars Linked to Ban on Whale Killing
12. ^ "A brief history of automatic transmission service fluid" Revised and constructive one January 1999 Ford Motor.
13. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on six October 2014. Retrieved 22 Apr 2012. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link)
14. ^ "Evolution of the Chrysler PowerFlite Automatic Transmission". Lubrication. Vol. 40, no. 11. New York, NY: The Texas Company. November 1954 [1954]. pp. 129–135.
15. ^ Getriebe-Service! SO wichtig sind Getriebespülung und Ölwechsel fürs Automatikgetriebe. Die Autodoktoren - offizieller Kanal. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021 – via YouTube.
16. ^ i Tag in Holgers Werkstatt - Teil 2 | Billigteile im Fiesta sorgen für Gefahr. Dice Autodoktoren - offizieller Kanal. 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021 – via YouTube.
17. ^ Riesenproblem durch Verkokung im GTI-Motor | Wasser im Tigra und ein ruckelnder A4. Die Autodoktoren - offizieller Kanal. 26 January 2018. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021 – via YouTube.
18. ^ More times described experience by leading masters of automotive service business which are recognized as instructors and masters of the Cologne lodge, but also work as infuencers of their concern.
19. ^ https://patents.google.com/patent/US5129422A/en?oq=US5129422 Transmission breather control valve
20. ^ https://world wide web.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/740055/ Transmission Air Breathing Suppressor (TABS) Valve - A Device for Improving Automated Transmission Fluid Life
21. ^ https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110173935A1/en?oq=US20110173935A1 Transmission breather assembly
22. ^ https://my.chevrolet.com/learn/2018/Colorado Learn about my 2018 Chevrolet Colorado
23. ^ GM Automatic Transmission Fluid - ATF History Part 2. WeberAuto. 14 October 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2021 – via YouTube.
24. ^ https://www.api.org/products-and-services/engine-oil/unauthorized-use-of-api-certification-marks%7C Unauthorized Use of API Certification Marks
25. ^ https://www.bar.ca.gov/pdf/Product_Labeling_Regulations_4.18.19.pdf
26. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 Dec 2019. Retrieved v Dec 2019. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally title (link)
27. ^ https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/dms/programs/Publications/BPC/2019/14.five-BPC_2019_Chapter_14.5_ServiceStations_13650-13660.pdf
28. ^ "Browse - California Lawmaking of Regulations".
29. ^ "API Monogram & APIQR Not-Licensee/Registrant List".

External links [edit]

• A Expect at Changes in Automated Transmission Fluid
• The History of Automatic Manual Fluid - ATF History Part 1
• Changing Gears: The Development of the Automotive Transmission
• World's First Mass Produced Automated Manual - Part 1- Introduction and History

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid

Posted by: mcdanielmorly1947.blogspot.com

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